Developmental Trend of Hybrid Solar Dryer: A Comprehensive Review
Journal of Engineering Research and Reports,
Page 1-19
DOI:
10.9734/jerr/2023/v24i1793
Abstract
The objective of this paper is to present a review on hybrid solar dryer and its modification for further research. Energy is not evenly distributed in the world, developed countries have more than enough while developing countries are facing it inadequacy. Rural areas where agricultural activities are taking place largely have no access to power supply to power drying equipment. Large amount of farm produce of about 30% were damaged due to lack of drying facilities. This has been resolved with the application of evolution of solar dryer and to a better level, use of hybrid solar dryer of exponential value over open air sun drying. It was found that the drying efficiency of hybrid solar dryer was 35%, while the maximum drying temperature was 80oC. Retention time in drying chamber was found to be between 2 – 3 days, it indicate the sustainability of hybrid solar dryer for drying high moisture farm produce. Various design of solar dryer and hybrid solar dryer were reported in the literature thus for is presented. Hybrid solar dryer could be developed further with the inclusion of dehumidifier as a system aiding drying.
Keywords:
- Solar drying system
- agricultural produce
- photovoltaic
- heat exchanger
How to Cite
Olaoye, S. A., Oyegoke, O. O., Owoseni, O. T., Adesuyi, D. O., Oladele, S. O., Isa, J., & Olalusi, A. P. (2023). Developmental Trend of Hybrid Solar Dryer: A Comprehensive Review. Journal of Engineering Research and Reports, 24(1), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.9734/jerr/2023/v24i1793
References
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Khan MA, Sabir MS, Iqbal M. Development and performance evaluation of forced convection potato solar dryer. Journal of Agricultural Science. 2011;48:315–320.
Duffie JA, Beckman WA, Worek W. Solar engineering of thermal processes. Wiley Online Library. 2013;21:33-49.
Maor T, Appelbaum J. View factors of photovoltaic collector systems. Journal of Solar Energy. 2012;86( 6):701-1708.
Gan SH, Ng MX, Tham TC, Chua LS, Aziz R, Baba MR, Abdullah LC, Ong SP, Law CL. Drying characteristics of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth by solar assisted heat pump drying. Journal of Drying Technology. 2017;35(14):1755-1764.
Hernandez JI, Roman R, Best R, Dorantes R, Gonzalez HE. The behavior of an ejector cooling system operating with refrigerant blends 410A and 507. Energy Procedia. 2014;57:3021-3030.
Li Y, Li HF, Dai YY, Gao SF, Wei L et al. Experimental investigation on a solar assisted heat pump in-store drying system. Applied Thermal Engineering. 2011;31: 1718-1724.
Macalood JS, Vicente HJ, Boniao RD, Gorospe JG, Roa EC. Chemical analysis of Carica papaya L. crude latex. American Journal of Plant Sciences. 2008;4(10): 1902-1917.
Mehdiza JR. Elavarasan E, Rajvikram ME. Inclusive crises, exclusive recoveries and policies to prevent a double whammy for the poo. Journal of Applied Science. 2009; 9:302-311.
Negi YE, Roy JS. Effect of blanching and drying methods on-carotene, ascorbic acid and chlorophyll retention of leafy vegetables. Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft und-Technologie. 2001;33 (4):295-298.
Chauhan MN. Development of greenhouse solar tunnel dryer for industrial fish drying of selected species from the western coastal region of India. Research Journal of Engineering and Science. 2015;4:1–9.
Li W, Ma X, Sun Z, He Y, Sherif SA, Zhang J, Zhu H. Evaporation heat transfer characteristics of R410A inside horizontal three-dimensional enhanced tubes. International Journal of Thermal Sciences. 2019;137:456- 466.
Cheema LS, Riberiro CMC. Solar dryers of cashew banana and pineapple. In: Sun: Mankind’s Future Source of Energy. Proceedings of the International Solar Energy Society Congress. 1978;2087–2089.
Yahya MA. Fudholi HH, Sopian K. Comparison of solar dryer and solar-assisted heat pump dryer for cassava. Solar Energy. 2016;136:606-613.
Idowu, D.O., S.A. Olaoye, E.O. Owolabi and Adebayo, J.M. (2019). Effect of Hydrothermal Pre-Treatment on Snake Gourd Seed Shelling. International Journal of Current Microbiol and Applied Sciences. vol. 2, no. 12, pp. 1848-1858. doi: https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2019.802.21
Prakash AS, Jha SK, Datta BN. A performance evaluation of blanched carrots dried by three different driers. Journal of Food Technology. 2004;62: 305-313.
Prasad J, Vijay VK, Tiwari GN, Sorayan VPS. Study on performance evaluation of hybrid drier for turmeric, (Curcuma longa L.) drying at village scale. Journal of Food Engineering. 2006;75: 497-502.
Bonaparte Che Man, Ching lik Hii, Russly Abdul Rahman, Selamat Jinap. Quality of cocoa beans dried using a direct solar dryer at different loadings Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 2006;86:1232-1243.
Tarhan S., Ergunes, Gunes GM, Ozkan Y.Greenhouse and open sun drying of european plums (Prunus domestica L.). Journal of Applied Science. 2005;5: 910-915.
Kuan M, Shakir Y, Mohanraj M, Belyayev Y, Jayaraj S, Kaltayev A. Numerical simulation of a heat pump assisted solar dryer for continental climates. Renewable Energy. 2019;143:214 -225.
Elangovan E, Natarajan SK. Experimental research of drying characteristics of red banana in a single slope solar dryer based on natural and forced convection. Food Technology and Biotechnology. 2021; 59:1–28.
Chapman D, Rokhsarg A, Tuskan S. Difazio. The genome of black cottonwood, Populus trichocarpa. Science. 2006;313 (5793):1596-1604.
Banout Jan, Ehl P, Jaroslav H, Vladimir V. Design and performance evaluation of a Double-pass solar drier for drying of red chilli (Capsicum annum L.) Solar Energy Trace Tropical Farming Systems & Ecological Economics. 2006;3 (85):506-515.
Jangde PK, Singh A, Arjunan TV. Efficient solar drying techniques: A review. Environmental Science Pollution Research. 2021;28:1–14.
Janjai S, Lamlert N, Intawee P. Experimental and simulated performance of a PV-ventilated solar greenhouse dryer for drying of peeled longan and banana. Journal Solar Energy. 2009;83:1550–1565.
Bahloul N, Nourhène B, Mohammed K, Nabil K. Effect of convective solar drying on colour, total phenols and radical scavenging activity of olive leaves (Olea Europaea L.) International Journal of Food Science and Technology. 2009;44(12): 2561-2567.
Gallali F, Belyayev S, Jayaraj, Kaltayev A. Development and performance of a laboratory-scale passive solar grain dryer in a tropical environment. Journal of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development Academic. 2005;2: 042-049.
Abdullah K, Mohammed K, Nabil K. biomass energy potentials and utilization In Indonesia, Journal of Applied Science. 2006;5:79-84.
Fellows P. Freeze-drying and freeze concentration. Food processing technology: principles and practice (4th Ed.). Kent: Woodhead Publishing/Elsevier Science. 2017;929–940.
Sendhil K. Natarajan1, Elavarasan E, Rajvikram ME, Anand B, Senthilarasu S. Review article review on solar dryers for drying fish, fruits, and vegetables. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2022;29:40478–40506.
Ghazanfari MH, Hossein Z, Milad A, Davood R. Herschel–bulkley rheological parameters of lightweight colloidal gas aphron (CGA) based fluids. Chemical Engineering Research and Design; 2011; 93:21-29.
Balladin, Headley. Review on solar dryer for grains, vegetables and fruits. International Journal of Research and Engineering. 2012;2(1):254-263.
Assadeg J. Solar assisted heat pump system for high quality drying applications: A critical review. International Journal of Renewable Energy Research. 2020;10 (1):304-316.
Hii GU, Wa Z, Yun O, He SAH. Evaporation heat transfer characteristics of inside horizontal three-dimensional enhanced tubes. International Journal of Thermal Sciences. 2022;137:321-328.
Chen P, Yun E, Gaur MK. A review on thermal analysis of hybrid greenhouse solar dryer (HGSD) Pushpendra. Journal of Thermal Engineering. 2022;8(1): 1287-1293.
Verma, Gupta. View factors of photovoltaic collector systems. Journal of Solar Energy. 2013; 86(6):857-864.
Leon, Kumar. Comparison of solar dryer and solar-assisted heat pump dryer for cassava. Solar Energy. 2016;136: 567-574.
Mendoza-Miranda JM, Mota-Babiloni A, Navarro-Esbrí J. Evaluation of R448A and R450A as lowGWP alternatives for R404A and R134a using a micro-fin tube evaporator model. Applied Thermal Engineering. 2016;98:330-339.
Olalusi AP, Olaoye SA, Isa J, Oyerinde AS, Ayo-Olalusi C, Adesuyi DO. Development and Performance Evaluation of a Single Screw Extruder for the Production of Floating Fish Feed. Journal of Engineering Research and Reports. 2022;23(12):48-58.
DOI: 10.9734/JERR/2022/v23i12762
Atul H, Shah SA, Hitesh B. Review on solar dryer for grains, vegetables and fruits. International Journal of Research and Engineering. 2013;2(1):1-7.
Lin Y, Bu Z, Yang W, Zhang H, Francis V, Li CQ. A review on the research and development of solar-assisted heat pump for buildings in China. Buildings. 2022; 12:1435-1463.
Huy BQ. experiment investigation on a solar assisted heat pump dryer for Chili. International Journal of Energy and Environmental Science. 2018;3(1): 37-49.
Zomorodian A, Zare D, Ghasemkhani H. Optimization and evaluation of a semi-continuous solar dryer for cereals (Rice, etc). Agricultural Engineering Department, Shiraz University. Shiraz, Iran; 2004.
Mohanraj M, Chandrasekar P. Drying of copra in a forced convection solar drier; Mechanical Engineering Department, Dr. Mahalingam College of Engineering and Technology, Pollachi-642003, India, Dec; 2007.
Hossaina MA, Bala BK. Drying of hot chilli using solar tunnel drier; Farm Machinery and Postharvest Process Engineering Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur-1701; 2006.
Majid ZAA, Othman MY, Ruslan MH, Mat S, Ali B, Zaharim A, Sopian K. Multifunctional solar thermal collector for heat pump application. In Proceedings of the 3rd WSEAS int. conf. on Renewable Energy Sources. 2009;342-346.
Yahya M. Design and performance evaluation of a solar assisted heat pump dryer integrated with biomass furnace for red chilli. International Journal of Photoenergy. 2016;26:226-238.
Olaoye SA, Owoseni OT, Olalusi AP. Optimization of Some Physical and Functional Properties of Extruded Soybean Crud Residue-Base Floating Fish Feed. Turkish Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research (TURKAGER). 2022;1(3):31-50.
Msomi V, Ouasin N. Improvement of the performance of solar water heater based on nanotechnology. In 2017 IEEE 6th International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications (ICRERA). 2017;524-527.
Olaoye SA, Owoseni OT, Oyegoke OO. Effect of Drying Temperature on the Proximate Composition of Soybean Crude Residue-Base Fish Feed. International Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology. 2022;7(2):40-47.
DOI: 10.11648/j.ijfsb.20220702.13
EL-Amin O, Mohamed A, Mohamed AI, El-Fadil AA, Luecke W. Design and construction of a solar dryer for mango slices. Journal of Food Engineering. 2006; 7(2):234-242.
Mohanraj M, Chandrasekar P. Drying of copra in a forced convection solar drier. Mechanical Engineering Department, Dr. Mahalingam College of Engineering and Technology, Pollachi-642003, India; 2007.
Rathore NS, Panwar NL. Experimental studies on hemi cylindrical walk-in type solar tunnel dryer for grape drying. College of Dairy & Food Science Technology, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology; 2022.
Amer BMA, Hossain MA, Gottschalk K. Design and performance evaluation of a new hybrid solar dryer for banana. Agricultural Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University; 2010.
Kamaruddin Abdullah, Mursalim. Drying of vanilla pods using a greenhouse effect solar dryery. International Journal Drying Technology. 2007;15: 685-698.
Rahman S, Jinap, Che Man YB. Quality of cocoa beans dried using a direct solar dryer at different loadings. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 2021; 7:1237-1243.
Houhou1 H, Yuan W, G Wang. Simulation of solar heat pump dryer directly driven by photovoltaic panels. Laboratory of Ergonomics and Environmental Control, School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; 2017.
Aremu OA, Odepidan KO, Adejuwon SO, Ajala AL. Design, fabrication and performance evaluation of hybrid solar dryer. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS). 2020;5(3):159 -164.
Singh P, Gaur MK. A review on thermal analysis of hybrid greenhouse solar dryer (HGSD) Pushpendra. Journal of Thermal Engineering. 2022;8(1):103- 119.
Khan MA, Sabir MS, Iqbal M. Development and performance evaluation of forced convection potato solar dryer. Journal of Agricultural Science. 2011;48:315–320.
Duffie JA, Beckman WA, Worek W. Solar engineering of thermal processes. Wiley Online Library. 2013;21:33-49.
Maor T, Appelbaum J. View factors of photovoltaic collector systems. Journal of Solar Energy. 2012;86( 6):701-1708.
Gan SH, Ng MX, Tham TC, Chua LS, Aziz R, Baba MR, Abdullah LC, Ong SP, Law CL. Drying characteristics of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth by solar assisted heat pump drying. Journal of Drying Technology. 2017;35(14):1755-1764.
Hernandez JI, Roman R, Best R, Dorantes R, Gonzalez HE. The behavior of an ejector cooling system operating with refrigerant blends 410A and 507. Energy Procedia. 2014;57:3021-3030.
Li Y, Li HF, Dai YY, Gao SF, Wei L et al. Experimental investigation on a solar assisted heat pump in-store drying system. Applied Thermal Engineering. 2011;31: 1718-1724.
Macalood JS, Vicente HJ, Boniao RD, Gorospe JG, Roa EC. Chemical analysis of Carica papaya L. crude latex. American Journal of Plant Sciences. 2008;4(10): 1902-1917.
Mehdiza JR. Elavarasan E, Rajvikram ME. Inclusive crises, exclusive recoveries and policies to prevent a double whammy for the poo. Journal of Applied Science. 2009; 9:302-311.
Negi YE, Roy JS. Effect of blanching and drying methods on-carotene, ascorbic acid and chlorophyll retention of leafy vegetables. Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft und-Technologie. 2001;33 (4):295-298.
Chauhan MN. Development of greenhouse solar tunnel dryer for industrial fish drying of selected species from the western coastal region of India. Research Journal of Engineering and Science. 2015;4:1–9.
Li W, Ma X, Sun Z, He Y, Sherif SA, Zhang J, Zhu H. Evaporation heat transfer characteristics of R410A inside horizontal three-dimensional enhanced tubes. International Journal of Thermal Sciences. 2019;137:456- 466.
Cheema LS, Riberiro CMC. Solar dryers of cashew banana and pineapple. In: Sun: Mankind’s Future Source of Energy. Proceedings of the International Solar Energy Society Congress. 1978;2087–2089.
Yahya MA. Fudholi HH, Sopian K. Comparison of solar dryer and solar-assisted heat pump dryer for cassava. Solar Energy. 2016;136:606-613.
Idowu, D.O., S.A. Olaoye, E.O. Owolabi and Adebayo, J.M. (2019). Effect of Hydrothermal Pre-Treatment on Snake Gourd Seed Shelling. International Journal of Current Microbiol and Applied Sciences. vol. 2, no. 12, pp. 1848-1858. doi: https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2019.802.21
Prakash AS, Jha SK, Datta BN. A performance evaluation of blanched carrots dried by three different driers. Journal of Food Technology. 2004;62: 305-313.
Prasad J, Vijay VK, Tiwari GN, Sorayan VPS. Study on performance evaluation of hybrid drier for turmeric, (Curcuma longa L.) drying at village scale. Journal of Food Engineering. 2006;75: 497-502.
Bonaparte Che Man, Ching lik Hii, Russly Abdul Rahman, Selamat Jinap. Quality of cocoa beans dried using a direct solar dryer at different loadings Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 2006;86:1232-1243.
Tarhan S., Ergunes, Gunes GM, Ozkan Y.Greenhouse and open sun drying of european plums (Prunus domestica L.). Journal of Applied Science. 2005;5: 910-915.
Kuan M, Shakir Y, Mohanraj M, Belyayev Y, Jayaraj S, Kaltayev A. Numerical simulation of a heat pump assisted solar dryer for continental climates. Renewable Energy. 2019;143:214 -225.
Elangovan E, Natarajan SK. Experimental research of drying characteristics of red banana in a single slope solar dryer based on natural and forced convection. Food Technology and Biotechnology. 2021; 59:1–28.
Chapman D, Rokhsarg A, Tuskan S. Difazio. The genome of black cottonwood, Populus trichocarpa. Science. 2006;313 (5793):1596-1604.
Banout Jan, Ehl P, Jaroslav H, Vladimir V. Design and performance evaluation of a Double-pass solar drier for drying of red chilli (Capsicum annum L.) Solar Energy Trace Tropical Farming Systems & Ecological Economics. 2006;3 (85):506-515.
Jangde PK, Singh A, Arjunan TV. Efficient solar drying techniques: A review. Environmental Science Pollution Research. 2021;28:1–14.
Janjai S, Lamlert N, Intawee P. Experimental and simulated performance of a PV-ventilated solar greenhouse dryer for drying of peeled longan and banana. Journal Solar Energy. 2009;83:1550–1565.
Bahloul N, Nourhène B, Mohammed K, Nabil K. Effect of convective solar drying on colour, total phenols and radical scavenging activity of olive leaves (Olea Europaea L.) International Journal of Food Science and Technology. 2009;44(12): 2561-2567.
Gallali F, Belyayev S, Jayaraj, Kaltayev A. Development and performance of a laboratory-scale passive solar grain dryer in a tropical environment. Journal of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development Academic. 2005;2: 042-049.
Abdullah K, Mohammed K, Nabil K. biomass energy potentials and utilization In Indonesia, Journal of Applied Science. 2006;5:79-84.
Fellows P. Freeze-drying and freeze concentration. Food processing technology: principles and practice (4th Ed.). Kent: Woodhead Publishing/Elsevier Science. 2017;929–940.
Sendhil K. Natarajan1, Elavarasan E, Rajvikram ME, Anand B, Senthilarasu S. Review article review on solar dryers for drying fish, fruits, and vegetables. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2022;29:40478–40506.
Ghazanfari MH, Hossein Z, Milad A, Davood R. Herschel–bulkley rheological parameters of lightweight colloidal gas aphron (CGA) based fluids. Chemical Engineering Research and Design; 2011; 93:21-29.
Balladin, Headley. Review on solar dryer for grains, vegetables and fruits. International Journal of Research and Engineering. 2012;2(1):254-263.
Assadeg J. Solar assisted heat pump system for high quality drying applications: A critical review. International Journal of Renewable Energy Research. 2020;10 (1):304-316.
Hii GU, Wa Z, Yun O, He SAH. Evaporation heat transfer characteristics of inside horizontal three-dimensional enhanced tubes. International Journal of Thermal Sciences. 2022;137:321-328.
Chen P, Yun E, Gaur MK. A review on thermal analysis of hybrid greenhouse solar dryer (HGSD) Pushpendra. Journal of Thermal Engineering. 2022;8(1): 1287-1293.
Verma, Gupta. View factors of photovoltaic collector systems. Journal of Solar Energy. 2013; 86(6):857-864.
Leon, Kumar. Comparison of solar dryer and solar-assisted heat pump dryer for cassava. Solar Energy. 2016;136: 567-574.
Mendoza-Miranda JM, Mota-Babiloni A, Navarro-Esbrí J. Evaluation of R448A and R450A as lowGWP alternatives for R404A and R134a using a micro-fin tube evaporator model. Applied Thermal Engineering. 2016;98:330-339.
Olalusi AP, Olaoye SA, Isa J, Oyerinde AS, Ayo-Olalusi C, Adesuyi DO. Development and Performance Evaluation of a Single Screw Extruder for the Production of Floating Fish Feed. Journal of Engineering Research and Reports. 2022;23(12):48-58.
DOI: 10.9734/JERR/2022/v23i12762
Atul H, Shah SA, Hitesh B. Review on solar dryer for grains, vegetables and fruits. International Journal of Research and Engineering. 2013;2(1):1-7.
Lin Y, Bu Z, Yang W, Zhang H, Francis V, Li CQ. A review on the research and development of solar-assisted heat pump for buildings in China. Buildings. 2022; 12:1435-1463.
Huy BQ. experiment investigation on a solar assisted heat pump dryer for Chili. International Journal of Energy and Environmental Science. 2018;3(1): 37-49.
Zomorodian A, Zare D, Ghasemkhani H. Optimization and evaluation of a semi-continuous solar dryer for cereals (Rice, etc). Agricultural Engineering Department, Shiraz University. Shiraz, Iran; 2004.
Mohanraj M, Chandrasekar P. Drying of copra in a forced convection solar drier; Mechanical Engineering Department, Dr. Mahalingam College of Engineering and Technology, Pollachi-642003, India, Dec; 2007.
Hossaina MA, Bala BK. Drying of hot chilli using solar tunnel drier; Farm Machinery and Postharvest Process Engineering Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur-1701; 2006.
Majid ZAA, Othman MY, Ruslan MH, Mat S, Ali B, Zaharim A, Sopian K. Multifunctional solar thermal collector for heat pump application. In Proceedings of the 3rd WSEAS int. conf. on Renewable Energy Sources. 2009;342-346.
Yahya M. Design and performance evaluation of a solar assisted heat pump dryer integrated with biomass furnace for red chilli. International Journal of Photoenergy. 2016;26:226-238.
Olaoye SA, Owoseni OT, Olalusi AP. Optimization of Some Physical and Functional Properties of Extruded Soybean Crud Residue-Base Floating Fish Feed. Turkish Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research (TURKAGER). 2022;1(3):31-50.
Msomi V, Ouasin N. Improvement of the performance of solar water heater based on nanotechnology. In 2017 IEEE 6th International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications (ICRERA). 2017;524-527.
Olaoye SA, Owoseni OT, Oyegoke OO. Effect of Drying Temperature on the Proximate Composition of Soybean Crude Residue-Base Fish Feed. International Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology. 2022;7(2):40-47.
DOI: 10.11648/j.ijfsb.20220702.13
EL-Amin O, Mohamed A, Mohamed AI, El-Fadil AA, Luecke W. Design and construction of a solar dryer for mango slices. Journal of Food Engineering. 2006; 7(2):234-242.
Mohanraj M, Chandrasekar P. Drying of copra in a forced convection solar drier. Mechanical Engineering Department, Dr. Mahalingam College of Engineering and Technology, Pollachi-642003, India; 2007.
Rathore NS, Panwar NL. Experimental studies on hemi cylindrical walk-in type solar tunnel dryer for grape drying. College of Dairy & Food Science Technology, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology; 2022.
Amer BMA, Hossain MA, Gottschalk K. Design and performance evaluation of a new hybrid solar dryer for banana. Agricultural Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University; 2010.
Kamaruddin Abdullah, Mursalim. Drying of vanilla pods using a greenhouse effect solar dryery. International Journal Drying Technology. 2007;15: 685-698.
Rahman S, Jinap, Che Man YB. Quality of cocoa beans dried using a direct solar dryer at different loadings. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 2021; 7:1237-1243.
Houhou1 H, Yuan W, G Wang. Simulation of solar heat pump dryer directly driven by photovoltaic panels. Laboratory of Ergonomics and Environmental Control, School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; 2017.
Aremu OA, Odepidan KO, Adejuwon SO, Ajala AL. Design, fabrication and performance evaluation of hybrid solar dryer. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS). 2020;5(3):159 -164.
Singh P, Gaur MK. A review on thermal analysis of hybrid greenhouse solar dryer (HGSD) Pushpendra. Journal of Thermal Engineering. 2022;8(1):103- 119.
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