A Study on the Current status of Metal Bipolar Plate Materials and Stamping and Forming for Fuel Cells
Guo Pengyan
School of Mechanical Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, China.
He Cunwu *
School of Mechanical Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, China.
Feng Jiahao
School of Mechanical Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, China.
Liu Chengwei
School of Mechanical Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, China.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Bipolar plates are one of the most important components in fuel cell stacks and have multiple functions. Compared with composite materials, bipolar plates of metallic materials have superior electrical and thermal conductivity, good mechanical strength, high chemical stability, very wide choice of alloys, and coating techniques are employed to improve their corrosion resistance and reduce their bottom contact resistance. This paper investigates the selection of materials and stamping and forming of metal bipolar plates in the hope that this research can promote the development of metal bipolar plates for fuel cells. On this basis, we expect to innovate the material and fabrication process of metal bipolar plates, reduce their cost, and promote their commercialization.
Keywords: Metal bipolar plates, metal materials, coating technology, stamping and forming, review
How to Cite
Downloads
References
Bagher-Gholivand M, Babakhanian A, Mohammadi M, Moradi P, Kiaie SH. Novel optical bulk membrane sensor and its application for determination of iron in plant and cereal samples. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. 2013;29(2): 144-50.
Rostami-Javanroudi S, Babakhanian A. New electrochemical sensor for direct quantification of vitamin K in human blood serum. Microchemical Journal. 2021;163: 105716.
Abolghasemi MM, Ghorbani-Cheghamarani A, Babakhanian A. A novel electrochemical sensing platform based on Pt/PPy/Eosin-Y for the determination of cadmium. New Journal of Chemistry. 2017;41(19):11335-41.
Ghanbary E, Asiabani Z, Hosseini N, Kiaie SH, Kaki S, Ghasempour H, Babakhanian A. The development of a new modified graphite pencil electrode for quantitative detection of Gibberellic acid (GA3) herbal hormone. Microchemical Journal. 2020; 157:105005.
Karacan K, Celik S, Toros S, et al. Investigation of formability of metallic bipolar plates via stamping for light-weight PEM fuel cells [J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2020, (prepublish).
Tandon V, Patil A P, Rathod R C, et al. Influence of cold work on electrochemical behavior of 316L ASS in PEMFC environment [J]. Materials Research Express, 2018, 5(2).
GM Global Technology Operations LLC; Patent Issued for Dual Channel Step in Fuel Cell Plate [J]. Journal of Engineering; 2015.
L'Air Liquide Societe Anonyme pour l'Etude et l?Exploitation des Procedes Georges Claude; Patent Application Titled "Fuel Cell Plate, Corresponding Cell And Stack" Published Online (USPTO 20200243874) [J]. Energy & Ecology, 2020.
Limin W, Yanxia W, SHENGWANG Y, et al. Investigation of hydrophobic and anti-corrosive behavior of Cr-DLC film on stainless steel bipolar plate [J]. Diamond & Related Materials, 2022, 129.
Zhang J, Wang R, Zeng Y. Hydroforming rules and quality control parameters analysis for metal bipolar plate [J]. Engineering Failure Analysis, 2022, 132.
JINLONG L, TONGXIANG L, WENLI G. Effect of strain on corrosion resistance of 316L stainless steel as bipolar plates in PEMFC environment [J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2015;40(33): 10382-9.
Park W T, Jin C K, Kang C G. Improving channel depth of stainless steel bipolar plate in fuel cell using process parameters of stamping [J]. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2016, 87(5-8): 1677-84.
LENG Y, MING P, YANG D, et al. Stainless steel bipolar plates for proton exchange membrane fuel cells: Materials, flow channel design and forming processes [J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2020, 451.
Wu M, Lu C, Wen D. Materials and manufacture methods for bipolar plates of PEMFC [J]. Materials Research Innovations, 2015, 19(sup8): S8-85-S8-8.
Wang X-Z, Luo H, Luo J-L. Effects of hydrogen and stress on the electrochemical and passivation behaviour of 304 stainless steel in simulated PEMFC environment [J]. Electrochimica Acta. 2019; 293: 60-77.
Li Zhipeng. Simulation and experimental study of microfluidic multi-step forming of titanium bipolar plates for fuel cells [D]. Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China, 2020.
Xu Z, Li Z, Zhang R, et al. Fabrication of micro channels for titanium PEMFC bipolar plates by multistage forming process [J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2021;46(19):11092-103.
Lim SS, Kim YT, Kang CG. Fabrication of aluminum 1050 micro-channel proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plate using rubber-pad-forming process [J]. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. 2012;65(1-4): 231-8.
Feng L, Tang S, Chen Y, et al. Research progress in surface modification of metal bipolar plates for proton exchange membrane fuel cells [J]. Scientia Sinica Chimica. 2021;51(8):1018-28.
HU Q, ZHANG D, FU H, et al. Investigation of stamping process of metallic bipolar plates in PEM fuel cell—Numerical simulation and experiments [J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2014;39(25):13770-6.
Song Y, Zhang C, Ling C-Y, et al. Review on current research of materials, fabrication and application for bipolar plate in proton exchange membrane fuel cell [J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2020;45(54):29832-47.
Asri NF, Husaini T, Sulong AB, et al. Coating of stainless steel and titanium bipolar plates for anticorrosion in PEMFC: A review [J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2017;42(14):9135-48.
Lee S H, Kakati N, Maiti J, et al. Corrosion and electrical properties of CrN- and TiN-coated 316L stainless steel used as bipolar plates for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells [J]. Thin Solid Films. 2013;529: 374-9.
Deyab M A, Mele G. Stainless steel bipolar plate coated with polyaniline/Zn-Porphyrin composites coatings for proton exchange membrane fuel cell [J]. Sci Rep. 2020; 10(1):3277.
Zhang D, Duan L, Guo L, et al. Corrosion behavior of TiN-coated stainless steel as bipolar plate for proton exchange membrane fuel cell [J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2010;35(8): 3721-6.
Xin Yang, Guo Peng, Li Hao, et al. Progress of modified carbon-based coating technology for metal bipolar plates of proton exchange membrane fuel cells [J]. Surface Technology. 2020;49(06): 22-33.
Wang H, Turner J A. Reviewing Metallic PEMFC Bipolar Plates [J]. Fuel Cells. 2010;10(4):510-9.
Liu Yanxiong, Hua Lin. Research and development of precision forming technology for metal bipolar plates for fuel cells [J]. Precision Forming Engineering. 2010;2(01):32-7+51.
Sudarsan C, Banker K H, Hazra S,et al.Experimental investigations on forming limit diagram of ultra thin SS 304 steel: effect of circular grid size, sheet orientation, punch size and deformation speed [J]. Advances in Materials and Processing Technologies. 2018;5(1):25-38.
Lan Jian, Wei Xi, Liu Yanxiong,et al. Fuel cell metal plate forming law [J]. Journal of Plasticity Engineering. 2010; 17(03):103-7.
Jincan C, Jingcheng X, Huixin X, et al. Graphene-Dominated Hybrid Coatings with Highly Compacted Structure on Stainless Steel Bipolar Plates [J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces; 2022.
Xue Hua,Li Yuan,Shi Wenchao,et al. Punching PEMFC serpentine flow channel metal bipolar plate corner area thickness reduction study [J].Journal of Plasticity Engineering. 2021;28(02):22-8.
XU S, LI K, WEI Y, et al. Numerical investigation of formed residual stresses and the thickness of stainless steel bipolar plate in PEMFC [J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2016;41(16): 6855-63.
JIN C K, KOO J Y, KANG C G. Fabrication of stainless steel bipolar plates for fuel cells using dynamic loads for the stamping process and performance evaluation of a single cell [J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2014;39(36): 21461-9.
Mandal P, Kumar Chanda U, Roy S. A Review of Corrosion Resistance Method on Stainless Steel Bipolar plate [J]. Materials Today: Proceedings. 2018;5(9): 17852-6.
Barzegari MM, Khatir FA. Study of thickness distribution and dimensional accuracy of stamped metallic bipolar plates [J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2019;44(59):31360-71.
Chen T-C, Ye J-M. Fabrication of micro-channel arrays on thin stainless steel sheets for proton exchange membrane fuel cells using micro-stamping technology [J]. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. 2012;64(9-12):1365-72.
Li Angxi,Xue Xin,Bai Hongbai.Metal rubber roll forming process and mechanical properties correlation analysis[J]. Journal of Fuzhou University (Natural Science Edition). 2021;49(06):815-21.
Mohammadtabar N, bakhshi-Jooybari M, Hosseinipour S J,et al. Feasibility study of a double-step hydroforming process for fabrication of fuel cell bipolar plates with slotted interdigitated serpentine flow field [J]. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. 2015;85(1-4):765-77.
Abeyrathna B, Zhang P, Pereira M P, et al. Micro-roll forming of stainless steel bipolar plates for fuel cells [J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2019;44(7): 3861-75.
BONG H J, LEE J, KIM J-H, et al. Two-stage forming approach for manufacturing ferritic stainless steel bipolar plates in PEM fuel cell: Experiments and numerical simulations [J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2017;42(10): 6965-77.
Karacan K, Celik S, Toros S, et al. Investigation of formability of metallic bipolar plates via stamping for light- weight PEM fuel cells [J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2020;45(60): 35149-61.
Wang Kai,Wang Xianfeng,Chen Zhengbin. Simulation and experimental study of multi-step stamping and forming of ultra-thin stainless steel plates [J]. Mold Industry. 2022;48(01):6-10.
Qi Y, Kai Z, Xian-Zhu F, et al. Rapid coating preparation strategy for chromium nitride coated titanium bipolar plates of proton exchange membrane fuel cells [J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2022;47(73).
Qi Y, Xue-Wan W, Suyun L, et al. High corrosion resistance of reduced graphene oxide coated 316L stainless steel bipolar plate for proton exchange membrane fuel cell prepared by a facile method [J]. Materials Chemistry and Physics. 2022;290.
Kim M-J, Jin C-K, Kang CG. Comparison of formabilities of stainless steel 316L bipolar plates using static and dynamic load stamping [J]. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. 2014;75(5-8):651-7.
Bong H J, Barlat F, Lee M-G. Probing Formability Improvement of Ultra-thin Ferritic Stainless Steel Bipolar Plate of PEMFC in Non-conventional Forming Process [J]. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A. 2016;47(8):4160-74.
Chen T, Gu Y F, Li C P, et al. Stamping and Springback of PEMFC Metal Bipolar Plate [J]. Advanced Materials Research. 2011; 215:1-4.
Elyasi M, Ghadikolaee HT, Hosseinzadeh M. Investigation of dimensional accuracy in forming of metallic bipolar plates with serpentine flow field [J]. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. 2018,96(1-4):1045-60.