Journal of Engineering Research and Reports

The rapid integration of artificial intelligence (AI) across various sectors has significantly amplified privacy concerns, particularly with the growing reliance on cloud environments. Existing methods often fall short of effectively preventing privacy breaches due to inadequate risk assessment and mitigation strategies. These limitations highlight the necessity for more robust solutions, indicating the importance of Privacy by Design (PbD) principles. This study addresses these gaps by proposing a comprehensive approach to incorporating PbD principles into AI systems to prevent breaches across public, private, and on-prem environments. The proposed work utilizes logistic regression analysis to identify significant predictors of privacy breaches, revealing that both the environment (B = -1.142, p < .001) and severity of vulnerabilities (B = 0.932, p < .01) play crucial roles. Additionally, a strong positive correlation (r = 0.791) between breach detection rates and PbD effectiveness is observed, indicating the need for enhanced detection mechanisms. To support the empirical findings, this study also reviews existing case studies. It conducts a thematic analysis to provide a deeper understanding of the practical challenges and solutions associated with PbD implementation, particularly in healthcare and smart city applications. These analyses serve to supplement the empirical evidence and demonstrate the effectiveness of PbD over other existing methods. The study concludes that implementing PbD principles is critical for achieving robust privacy protection, and the study recommends prioritizing advanced breach detection mechanisms, comprehensive privacy impact assessments, continuous stakeholder engagement, and investment in privacy-enhancing technologies to address privacy risks effectively.